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Intermediate Care Facilities for Individuals with Mental Retardation (ICF/MR) is a disability benefit that is offered through United States Medicaid funding. Section 1905(d) of the Social Security Act〔http://www.ssa.gov/OP_Home/ssact/title19/1905.htm〕 enacted benefits and made funding available for "institutions" (which consisted of 4 or more beds) for individuals with mental retardation or developmental disabilities (MR/DD), the Act states these facilities providing for the MR/DD population must provide adequate "active treatment," currently defined by Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.〔 http://www.workworld.org/wwwebhelp/intermediate_care_facility_for_people_with_mental_retardation_icf_mr_.htm〕 Since the regulations creation there has been a major change in the stigma regarding the field of developmental disabilities. The Act places substantial emphasis on how MR/DD people living in their own homes, controlling their own lives while interacting with others and being an integrated part the home community has become beneficial. In 1999, the Supreme Court of the United States made an important ruling in ''Olmstead vs. L.C'' known as The Olmstead Decision. 〔http://www.workworld.org/wwwebhelp/the_olmstead_decision.htm〕 ==Background== The ICF/MR Program began in 1971 when legislation began federal funding for ICFs/MR as an optional, beneficial Medicaid service. Authorization for ICF/MR services were seen at the congressional level as an option under the state plan Medicaid services. This allowed states to receive matching federal funds for MR/DD institutional services.〔 This program helped facilitate the act of deinstitutionalization. In which many developmental center institutions (such as Broadview Developmental Center) closed doors and their funding then shifted to community-based programs for those individuals with MR/DD (or mental retardation/developmental disabilities.) It provided the first Medicaid long-term services and supports benefit specifically for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities.〔 As of 2011, all 50 states within the U.S.A have at least one ICF/MR-based program providing for the MR/DD. Across the U.S., there are more than 7,000 ICFs/MR. Within these programs there are about 129,000 people with mental retardation and other related conditions receiving treatment. Most have other disabilities as well as mental retardation. While many of these individuals located in these facilities are non-ambulatory, have seizure disorders, behavior problems, mental illness, visual or hearing impairments, or a combination of the above they all still must qualify for Medicaid assistance financially to remain in practice.〔 In order to obtain Medicaid reimbursement, ICFs/MR must be certified and comply with state mandated standards of practice in eight areas, including management, client protections, facility staffing, active treatment services, client behavior and facility practices, health care services, physical environment and dietetic services.〔 Upon successful auditing and submission of these eight areas, will then a service providing for MR/DD individuals be ICF/MR certified. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has issued regulations regarding seclusion and restraint. These regulations are called “Conditions of Participation (CoPs).” CoPs serve as the basis of survey activities for the purpose of determining whether a facility qualifies for a provider agreement under Medicare or Medicaid. There is a set of CoPs for each type of provider or supplier subject to certification. Providers must meet the applicable CoPs for them to be able to provide and continue to provide Medicare and Medicaid benefits.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Intermediate Care Facilities for Individuals with Mental Retardation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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